Mwnt

Mwnt6 P1030626

Cymer y Mwnt ei enw o’r bryn serth sy’n edrych dros y bae. Caiff yr eglwys fach, sy’n swatio ar y clogwyn uwchlaw’r bae, ei hadnabod fel Eglwys y Grog ac mae’n dyddio i’r 13eg ganrif neu’r 14eg ganrif, ond cafodd ei hadeiladu ar safle a sefydlwyd erbyn y 6ed Ganrif fel arhosfan ar lwybr y pererinion rhwng Ynys Enlli a Thyddewi.

Ymhlith nodweddion yr eglwys mae gweddillion croglen nadd o’r 15fed ganrif a bedyddfaen o garreg las y Preseli o’r 12fed ganrif neu’r 13eg ganrif. Credir bod y dyluniad patrwm saethben anarferol yn waliau allanol yr eglwys ac o gwmpas y magwyrydd, yn deillio o’r Canoldir. Mae’r eglwys yn adeilad rhestredig Gradd 1. Yn ôl y sôn, heidiodd Fflandrysiaid i’r Mwnt ym 1155 ond cawsant eu gwthio’n ôl gan y Cymry. Er nad oes tystiolaeth ddogfennol i’w gweld o hyn, cofnododd Cymdeithas Hynafiaethau Cymru iddynt weld esgyrn ar y traeth ym 1859 a datguddiwyd esgyrn ac ysgerbydau yn yr ardal o Ffynnongrog yn y cwm uwchlaw i lawr i’r traeth. Daethpwyd i adnabod y digwyddiad hwn fel Sul Coch y Mwnt. Mae nifer o odynau calch ar hyd yr arfordir ac mae’r un sy’n edrych dros y Mwnt bellach yn eiddo i’r Ymddiriedolaeth Genedlaethol. Daethpwyd â chalchfaen i mewn ar long a fyddai’n glanio ar y traeth, ac yna byddai’n cael ei gludo i’r odyn i’w losgi yn barod i’w ddefnyddio. Taenwyd y calch tawdd ar y tir i niwtraleiddio’r pridd. Fe’i defnyddiwyd hefyd ym morter adeiladau ac i amddiffyn rhag y tywydd. Rhoddwyd y gorau i ddefnyddio’r odynau hyn adeg troad yr ugeinfed ganrif yn sgil dulliau ffermio a chludiant mwy modern. Gellir parhau i weld gweddillion melin ddŵr yn Llwynysgaw. Roedd y felin yn ffynhonnell pŵer i’r fferm ond rhoddwyd y gorau i’w defnyddio rhwng y rhyfeloedd byd pan ddechreuwyd defnyddio ffynonellau pŵer eraill i raddau mwy, megis trydan a phetrol. Roedd gan lawer o ffermydd eu melinau eu hunain i gwblhau eu tasgau pob dydd. Mae’r safle’n eiddo i’r Ymddiriedolaeth Genedlaethol.

Canfuwyd nifer anarferol o uchel o glostiroedd yr Oes Haearn yn yr ardal a hyd yn oed heddiw, cymuned amaethyddol yw hon, lle mae’r ffermydd teuluol wedi’u hen sefydlu a’r ystadau mawrion wedi’u rhannu a’u gwerthu fesul darn. Mae’r tai hynaf sy’n bodoli yn ardal y Mwnt heddiw yn dyddio i’r 19eg ganrif ond adeiladwyd rhai ohonynt ar safleoedd oedd yn bodoli cyn hynny.

Mwnt takes its name from the steep hill that dominates the bay. The little church nestling on the cliff above the bay is known as Eglwys y Grog (The Church of the Holy Cross) and dates from the 13th or 14th Century although it was built on a site that had been established by the 6th Century as a stop off point on the pilgrim’s route between Bardsey and St David’s.

Features of the church are the remains of a 15th century carved rood screen and a 12th or 13th century font made of Preseli stone. The unusual herringbone pattern design, in the outside walls of the church and around the enclosure, is thought to originate in the Mediterranean. The church is Grade 1 listed. It is said that Flemings invaded Mwnt in 1155 and were fought off by the Welsh. Although there seems to be no documentary evidence of this, the Cambria Archaeology Association recorded seeing bones on the beach in 1859 and bones and skeletons have been uncovered in the area from Ffynnongrog in the cwm above down to the beach. This came to be known as Sul Coch y Mwnt (Bloody Sunday of Mwnt). There are a number of lime kilns along the coast and the one overlooking Mwnt is now owned by the National Trust. Limestone was brought in by ship, landed on the beach and brought up to the kiln for burning before it was ready for use. The slaked lime was spread on the land to neutralise the soil. It was also used on buildings in the mortar and as protection from the weather. These kilns fell out of use around the turn of the 20th century with more modern farming and transportation methods. The remains of a water mill can be seen at Llwynysgaw. The mill was a source of power for the farm and fell out of use between the world wars when other sources of power ‐ electricity and petrol ‐ came into greater use. Many farms had their own mills to perform everyday tasks. The site is owned by the National Trust. An unusually high number of Iron Age enclosures have been found in the area and even today this is an agricultural community, the family farms being established when large estates were broken up and sold off. The oldest houses existing today in the Mwnt area are 19th century although some were built on pre‐existing sites.

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